From a wide perspective, dog behavior training is a simple process: you have to reward desired behaviors, and to reprimand or ignore non-desired ones.
But, how to properly reward or reprehend the behavior of your dog? Well, you must use the principles of classical and operant conditioning.
Classical conditioning
Pavlov’s classical conditioning establishes that any animal can learn to associate an environmental sign with a pleasant thing or situation. In other words: you can teach your dog to associate a reward with a sound or a gesture.
Imagine that you’re holding some tiny food treats in your hand, such as sliced hot dog. If your dog can smell or see the treats, she will be focused on your hand because she will expect to receive some chow. She will also salivate and secrete digestive enzymes, although these cannot be seen.
Then, you say, “eat” and give your dog a treat. You repeat this process several times. Later, you come closer to your dog without having any treat in your hand, and say “eat”. She reacts as if you were going to feed her. She has associated the word “eat” with food.
Your dog has been conditioned to the command “eat”.
Operant conditioning
Skinner’s operant conditioning establishes that an animal will tend to repeat those behaviors that have pleasant consequences. In other words: you have to reward those behaviors you want to teach to your dog.
Imagine that you are eating lunch and your dog places her front paw on your knee. You give her a piece of chicken. Your dog’s behavior has been rewarded, so she will probably place her paw on your knee again. If that sequence is repeated several times, your dog will place her paw on your knee every time you’re at the table.
Your dog has been conditioned to place her paw on your knee while you are lunching.
Extinction of behaviors
A conditioned behavior will disappear if it had been performed several times without being rewarded. This process is called extinction of behavior. So, your dog will stop following your orders if obeying is no longer rewarded in any way.
Imagine that you used food treats to teach your dog the command “sit”. Then, one day you decide not to reward that behavior anymore and, after a period, your dog stops obeying that command. Since her behavior is no longer rewarded, your dog has learned to not respond to your command anymore. The “sit” command has been extinguished.
Reinforcement
Reinforcement is the process that increases the frequency of a behavior every time that the behavior is rewarded. It is the process of rewarding your dog when she obeys an order or when she behaves properly.
Positive reinforcement takes place when something pleasant for your dog occurs when she performs a behavior. For example, you say, “sit” and she sits down. Then, you give her a treat. You’ve used the positive reinforcement approach to strengthen the “sit” command.
Negative reinforcement takes place when something unpleasant for your dog stops happening immediately after she performs a behavior. Imagine you say “sit” and push down (gently) the hindquarters of your dog. You stop pushing when she sits. You are using the negative reinforcement approach to strengthen the “sit” command.
Positive reinforcement has several advantages over negative reinforcement. The most important is that physical domination is not required. Another important advantage is that rewards can easily be ruled out while avoiding extinction of learned behavior.
Timing
Timing refers to the time elapsed since your dog emits a behavior until you give her a reward.
Your dog can easily associate behavior and rewards when the time between these two is short. Therefore, you should reinforce a good behavior as soon as possible. Otherwise you’ll only confuse your puppy.
Consistency
To train your dog, you must be clear and consistent. If for example, one day you let her climb into the armchair and another day you don’t allow her to do so, your dog will be confused.
Maybe she will learn to climb on the armchair while you are gone. Maybe she will end up thinking: “My human is crazy. Tomorrow I’ll try again; perhaps she will allow me to climb”.
Generalization
Generalization is the process that makes your dog obey you in different environments and situations.
If your dog has learned the “sit” command in the garden, it will be very likely that she ignores the command at the park. Her learned behavior has not been generalized.
Generalization of learned behaviors is an easy task, but it could take some time. The only thing you have to do is to repeat some training sessions in different places and situations.
Please keep in mind that generalization comes after learning. Do not teach a new behavior in different places and/or situations.
Rodrigo Trigosso
http://www.articlesbase.com/pets-articles/dog-training-basics-explained-131914.html
Can anybody who has been through Army basic training explain to me what a “profile” is?
I wanna know exactly what it is, how it works, and how long does it last. Can this get you kicked out of basic? What is the average lenght you can have one for? Do all Army basic training bases have these? SOMEBODY PLEASE BREAK IT DOWN FOR ME!!! HEEEEELLLLLLLLPPPPP!!!!!!!!!!!
Not in the army, but I know what one is. Its like a signed doctors note excusing you from certain portions of the training, such as if you hurt your leg, you would be on profile and not have to participate in anything that involves running. The length of time you are on it depends on the nature of your injury (less severe, less time, etc.). If you are consistently on profile for different things and it becomes a habit to where you are missing large amounts of training excercises, you can be charged for malingering, meaning faking being hurt to get out of work. You can also be kicked out for it. And finally, yes all army bases have these, and they aren’t strictly for basic, either, any soldier in the regular army can get put on one. If you are thinking about joining the army, quit worrying about it, its not as big a deal as people make it out to be, and very few people are kicked out for it. Hope this helps.
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profiling is the way to see what a soldier is best fitted for but when the soldier profiles those in authority, the authority takes it to serious and file charges against who ever! Ft Lewis 1968.
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If you get hurt, a profile is basically a note from the doctor saying what you can and can’t do (physically). It lasts as long as the doctor decides. There are two types: temporary and permanent. Temporary won’t get you kicked out of basic, but permanent will. A temp profile might also get you recycled if it’s for something serious, such as a broken leg.
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"profile" is usually used to limit how much and what physical stuff you can do. For instance, if you injure your knee, you would be put on profile so you have time to heal. It may limit you to walking at your own pace, not running, not squatting….
If you get sick, you may be put on profile. Sometimes this involves putting you on quarters, meaning you stay in your room so you can recover and don’t get other people sick. There is also "permanent profile" for extreme injuries or illness. If you hurt your back and will never completely recover you can be put on this. Therefore, it would limit how much work you can do to prevent further injury. It could prevent you from completing basic training if it would take a long time to heal, but that rarely happens. I was put on profile in basic for stress fractures in my knees. This was caused because my bones weren’t use to the extreme pyshical activity. My profile allowed me to not participate in long road marches and running so my knees had time to heal. They did heal and I completed basic training. If you receive dental care such as getting teeth pulled, they will give you a profile such as quarters which allows you to not go to work since you will be in some pain. Profiles are there to help you and I would not be worried about it. One of my Staff Sergeants is on permanent profile because he had cancer. His body can’t hold up to all the physical requirements so they gave him a profile to protect his health. I have been in the Army for 2 and a half years and can’t say I’ve seen a profile have a negative impact. I hope my advice is helpful. —-SGT Brown
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Yup, there are temporaty profiles and permanent. But neither will get you kicked out or in trouble unless your command feels that you are just looking for a way to get out of something like PT, work or a field problem. They last as long as the doctor feels is appropriate and the can get renewed if you still have the ailment. A permanent profile usually comes after a lot of doctor visits for the same problem, usually knee or back. But it will not necessarily get you kicked out. Getting put out of the military for profiles will require a medical board.
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I believe the profile you are talking about has to do with an injury. There are people here where my husband is stationed on permanent profiles. They are not being kicked out of the Army. As for if you are injured during basic training, my nephew hurt his foot and was sent home from basic training for 30 days convelescent leave then returned and was on profile for another 15 days. Profiles vary greatly. There are profiles that state you can’t march, some say you can’t wear full body armor, it depends on what you are on profile for. There is a guy here in my husbands unit on profile for a sleep disorder. It really just depends. The lenght also varies greatly…it can be temporary, like 2 weeks, all the way up to permanent. Without knowing what the reason for the profile is, there is no way to answer the question, and depending on if the injury occures while in basic training…it could be bad enough for a medical discharge, or it could just mean you have to stop your training, wait until you are well enough and be put with a different basic unit and continue where you left off. The question is to broad to give a specific answer.
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You must be home for Christmas, huh? Go to:
goarmy.com and you can chat live with a recruiter and get a lot of answers there.
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